【高频考点16】 独立主格 ★★★
（一）结构
1. 名词（代词）+ 现在分词
The clock striking twelve, I went to bed.
She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind.
2. 名词（代词）+ 过去分词
He lay there on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast.
Enough time given, he will surely do the job better.
3. 名词（代词）+ 不定式
Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.
He proposed a picnic, he himself to pay for the railway tickets and John to provide the food.
4. 名词（代词）+ 形容词短语
Her face pale with anger, she rose to go away.
I saw a deep pond, the water blue like the sky.
5. 名词（代词）+ 介词短语
The English teacher walked into the classroom, papers in hand.
Child in arms, a few women stood there chatting.
6. 名词（代词）+ 副词短语
Summer over, the students returned to school.
7. 名词（代词）+ 名词短语
His first shot a failure, Tim fired again.
（二）with复合结构
with复合结构也是独立主格结构的一种，在句中表示“原因，结果，伴随，方式”等情况。
1. with + 宾语 + 形容词
The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open.
2. with + 宾语 + 介词短语
The old woman used to take a walk with a stick in her hand.
3. with + 宾语 + 副词
The proud girl walked away with her head up.
4. with + 宾语 + 现在分词
Helen felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her.
5. with + 宾语 + 过去分词
If you sit looking away from a person, or with your back turned, you are saying you are not interested in that person.
6. with + 宾语 + 不定式
The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.
